Spectrum Analyzers
What is a spectrum analyzer Spectrum analyzer types and technologies Superheterodyne / sweep spectrum analyzer FFT spectrum analyzer Realtime spectrum analyzer USB spectrum analyzer Spectrum analyzer tracking generator Specifications Spectrum analyzer operation Noise figure measurements Phase noise measurements Pulsed signal spectrum analysis
The suerheterodyne spectrum analyser which is also referred to by the name sweep or swept spectrum analyzer was the first form of spectrum analyzer to be used.
In essence the superheterodyne spectrum analyzer or sweep / swept spectrum analyzer is a form of radio receiver with a display at the output indicating the output level. The receiver is tuned or scanned over the required range and the filters are chosen to accept the required signal bandwidth. The spectrum analyser uses the superhet principle used in many radio receivers as the underlying principle on which its operation depends. The superhet principle uses a mixer and in addition to a locally generated or local oscillator to translate the frequency.
Network Analyzers
The vector network analyzer, VNA is a form of RF network analyzer widely used for RF design applications. A vector network analyser is a test system that enables the RF performance of radio frequency (RF) and microwave devices to be characterised in terms of network scattering parameters, or S parameters. The information provided by the vector network analyser VNA is then used to ensure that the RF design of the circuit is optimised to provide the best performance. Using an RF network analyzer in any RF design provides the RF design engineer with a view of the components and circuits that would not be possible with any other form of test equipment. In this way the vector network analyzer, VNA is an essential tool that RF design engineers should be able to use.
Although the name of the vector network analyser VNA is the most widely used name for this item of test equipment, sometimes it may be called a gain phase meter in view of the fact that they are able to measure both the gain, i.e. amplitude and also the phase of the device or item under test. Another name that is occasionally used is the Automatic Network Analyzer. However by far the most widely used is the name vector network analyser, VNA.
Signal Generators
A signal generator is piece of test equipment that produces an electrical signal in the form of a wave. This is used as a stimulus for the item being tested.
Signal generators in all their forms are widely used within test and development systems, being used with other test instruments.
When looking at what a signal generator is, it will be seen that they come in many forms - there are many signal generator types, each one being used to provide a different form of signal. Some provide RF signals, others audio signals, some can provide different shapes of waveform and others may provide just pulses.
Signal generators have been used for many years. Early types were very basic by the standard of today’s different types of signal generator. Performance levels as well as the variety of facilities that are available have increased and improved.
Radio Communication Test Sets
Radio amateurs have been praised on many occasions for the way in which they have responded to emergency situations. Many times the two way radio communications service they have provided has saved lives or enabled people be helped more quickly of effectively. While the name amateur radio or ham radio often seems to imply a lack of expertise, this is not the case, and people in authority have often commented that the service offered by radio amateurs is far from "amateur" service, but instead it is very professional. They are able to provide two way radio communications systems in a way that even the professional services are unable to do under very exacting conditions.
Oscilloscope Calibrator
The world's highest performance, fully automated, upgradeable oscilloscope calibration workstation
Oscilloscope calibration can be complex, time consuming and expensive. A significant amount of skilled operator interaction and interpretation is often required to complete the job, and today’s multi-channel instruments frequently mean that a great deal of lead switching is required. Even automated systems require significant manual intervention to complete elements of the most simple calibration procedures. Worse still, switching systems or multiplexers used to enable a degree of automation often contribute more errors and aberrations than the instrument being calibrated.
To compound the problem, rapid developments in oscilloscope technology make it difficult to keep up with performance trends without substantial re-investment on a regular basis. The 9500B Oscilloscope Calibration Workstation breaks that paradigm. It means that the benefits of hands-free, fully-automated, accurate oscilloscope calibration are readily available to everyone at a price and performance level that your needs and budget can support, while ensuring that, through performance upgrades, future needs will be met when the time demands it.
Multimeter Calibrator
Time Electronics offer a range of precision calibrators and digital multimeters that can be used in the lab or in automated testing applications. These programmable instruments are designed for precision, performance, and functionality, making them ideal for automatic testing and fault diagnosis. Each designated ATE calibrator is rack mountable for straightforward integration into user systems.
In the laboratory EasyCal calibration software can be used with compatible models to increase speed of calibration, consistency of results and produce calibration certificates and reports.
Digital Storage Oscilloscopes
Ken Comsys pvt.ltd presents an astounding range of Digital Storage Oscilloscopes (DSO) in order to meet the today's demanding challenges. It is a prerequisite component of a laboratory for anyone designing, manufacturing, debugging or troubleshooting devices. Being a digital oscilloscope supplier, Ken Comsys pvt.ltd offers different models of DSO for these purposes. These digital scopes are most accurate and are easily manageable. They are designed with the required bandwidth, rise time, sampling rate, gain accuracy, vertical sensitivity etc. They are not only used by the electronic engineers but also preferred by physicians, electrical engineers, automobile engineers, technicians and researchers of various discipline. Ken Comsys pvt.ltd has supplied its digital storage oscilloscopes in various parts of the world and has set a remarkable image as a digital oscilloscope supplier. If you still lack a full-featured digital scope in your laboratory, buy one. Trust us, it is worth investing. Its user-friendly features will leave you spellbound and you will enjoy performing experiments with it.
RF Dummy Loads
Our RF dummy loads (also know as loads and terminations) are available in 2.4mm, 2.92mm, 7/16 DIN, BNC, C, Mini SMB, Mini SMP, N, QMA, SMA, SMB, SMC, SMP and TNC connector types. RF dummy loads from Pasternack are available in two categories, feed-thru and RF load. Pasternack dummy loads for RF include precision and standard versions and many are RoHS and REACH compliant. 0.25 Watts, 0.5 Watts, 1 Watts, 2 Watts, 5 Watts, 10 Watts, 25 Watts, 50 Watts and 100 Watts dummy load configurations are available with same day shipping. Dummy loads are offered with impedance values of 50 Ohm, 75 Ohm or 93 Ohm. The frequency ratings for these coaxial dummy loads range from DC to 50 GHz. RF loads are available in female, jack, male, male to female and plug genders. Our RF dummy load varieties are RoHS and REACH compliant.
DC Power Supplies
Power Supply is the most indispensable component of any electronic laboratory. A reliable, most accurate, fully specified, guaranteed and an efficient Power Supply Equipment are thus manufactured on a large scale by Ken Comsys pvt.ltd which has robust output protection and fault detection capabilities. DC Power Supplies with Different specifications of Voltage and Current are being manufactured for various Applications. The DC power supply converts the conventional 110 V or 220 V alternating voltage into continuous pulsating DC voltage (+3.3 V, +5 V, +12 V and -12V) used by various electronic components. A DC Power Supply also regulates the voltage to eliminate spikes and surges common in most electrical systems. An ideal power supply would be characterized by supplying a smooth and constant output voltage regardless of variations in the voltage, load current or ambient temperature at 100% conversion efficiency. Also, the comprehensive protection functions of the power supplies equipment ensures safety of an individual working with them. Power Supplies with single and multiple-output have requirements in various fields such as education, research, design and automated testing.
Function Generators
Function generators are items of test equipment that are able to generate a variety of simple repetitive waveforms. Straightforward signal generators such as RF signal generators or simple audio oscillators focus on producing a good sine waves, but in many cases other waveforms are needed. In addition to producing sine waves, function generators may typically produce other repetitive waveforms including sawtooth and triangular waveforms, square waves, and pulses. Another feature included on many function generators is the ability to add a DC offset. Often some of the low end function generators may only operate up to frequencies of possibly around 100 kHz as the various shaped waveforms are normally only needed at lower frequencies. However many other more comprehensive function generators are able to operate at much higher frequencies, often up to 10 or 20 MHz.
Frequency counters
Frequency counters are test instruments used in many applications associated with radio frequency engineering to measure the frequency of signals very accurately. These frequency counters and counter timers are widely used within a variety of areas to measure the frequency of repetitive signals, and also for measuring the time between edges on digital signals. Whilst the actual requirements and applications for RF frequency counters and timers are different, they use the same basic circuitry, with some simple internal reconfiguration and as a result sometimes RF frequency counters are also able to act as timers. Typically the very high RF frequency counters will not incorporate the timer capability.
Programmable Curve tracers
Tektronix curve tracers offer power and versatility to test the DC characteristics of semiconductor devices. The 370B and 371B curve tracers combine a simple-to-use front panel, digital acquisition and display, and programmability to serve a variety of application needs. In the R & D lab, Tektronix curve tracers are used for characterization of new designs, extraction of SPICE parameters, failure analysis and data sheet generation. In manufacturing test, Tektronix curve tracers are used to verify device quality and process monitoring. They are also used for incoming inspection to verify device performance, perform failure analysis and match components.
Power Meters
A power meter is a device fitted to a bike that measures the power output of the rider.
Most commonly, power meters use strain gauges that deflect slightly when a force is applied. By measuring this torque and combining it with angular velocity, power (measured in watts) can be calculated.
If you want to get the most out of your training then a power meter is the best tool to quantify your workouts.
As ever, there’s no single power meter that is the best. This will depend on how you intend to use it, your bike, your bike placement options, your budget and if you want to use it with more than one bike.
Digital Transmission Analyzer
The Transmission Analyzer is a multi-functional digital transmission system test device, designed for the installation tests, engineering checks and acceptances, daily maintenance of digital networks, mainly performing channel test, alarm analysis, fault finding, and signaling analysis. In addition, this instrument further provides various protocol converters with one-way and bi-directional bit error test function.
Frequency Response Analyzers
Frequency Response Analyzer For The High Accuracy Transformer Analysis And Integrates The Sts And Td 5000 Family Test Sets. The Sfra 5000 Offers Both High Precision And Portability In A Single Package, Providing All The Accessories Required For Fast, Easy To Use, Reliable And Repeatable Measurements. Without The Need For A Pc To Compare Transformer Fingerprints, The Sfra 5000 Decreases Test Time Enabling The Engineer To Complete Testing In A Much Shorter Period Of Time Than Previously Possible. Sfra 5000 Is Provided With Its Own Embedded Software, Giving The Possibility To The Engineer To Zoom Into A Portion Of The Sweep In Order To Inspect Any Differences In The Plot In More Detail During Or After A Sweep.
PCM 4 Channel Measuring Test Set
The Wandel and Goltermann PCM-4 PCM Channel Measuring Set is used for measurements on PCM coders/decorders between analog and digital interfaces. This unit can handle practically all PCM multiplexer measurements and also measurements on the constituent subassemblies of digital switches. The set has four main subassemblies: a digital signal generator, a digital signal receiver, and analog generator and an analog receiver. The digital signal is processed with a high accuracy and measuring speed.
LCR Meters
the key points the LCR meter and how it can be used to measure inductance, capacitance and resistance.
LCR meters are used to measure the inductance, capacitance, and resistance of components.
The LCR meter takes its name from the fact that the inductance, capacitance and resistance are denoted by the letters L, C, and R respectively.
A variety of meters are available. Simpler versions of LCR meters provide indications of the impedance only converting he values to inductance or capacitance.
More sophisticated designs are able to measure the true inductance or capacitance, and also the equivalent series resistance of capacitors and the Q factor of inductive components. This makes them valuable for assessing the overall performance or quality of the component.
